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<section-title-en>2 COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE BACKGROUND</section-title-en>
<section-title-ch>2 计算机架构背景</section-title-ch>
<p-en>
	This section attempts to summarize the general architectural principles behind Intel's most popular computer processors, as well as the peculiarities needed to reason about the security properties of a system running on these processors. Unless specified otherwise, the information here is summarized from Intel's Software Development Manual (SDM) [101].
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<p-ch>
	本节试图总结英特尔最流行的计算机处理器背后的一般架构原理，以及推理运行在这些处理器上的系统的安全属性所需的特殊性。除非另有说明，这里的信息是从英特尔的软件开发手册（SDM）[101]中总结出来的。
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<p-en>
	Analyzing the security of a software system requires understanding the interactions between all the parts of the software's execution environment, so this section is quite long. We do refrain from introducing any security concepts here, so readers familiar with x86's intricacies can safely skip this section and refer back to it when necessary.
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<p-ch>
	分析一个软件系统的安全性，需要了解软件执行环境中所有部分之间的相互作用，所以本节内容相当长。我们在这里不介绍任何安全概念，所以熟悉x86的复杂性的读者可以安全地跳过这一节，必要时再参考。
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<p-en>
	We use the terms Intel processor or Intel CPU to refer to the server and desktop versions of Intel's Core lineup. In the interest of space and mental sanity, we ignore Intel's other processors, such as the embedded line of Atom CPUs, or the failed Itanium line. Consequently, the terms Intel computers and Intel systems refers to computer systems built around Intel's Core processors.
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<p-ch>
	我们使用英特尔处理器或英特尔CPU这些术语来指代英特尔酷睿系列的服务器和桌面版本。为了节省空间和保持理智，我们忽略了英特尔的其他处理器，如嵌入式的Atom CPU系列，或失败的Itanium系列。因此，英特尔计算机和英特尔系统这些术语是指围绕英特尔酷睿处理器构建的计算机系统。
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<p-en>
	In this paper, the term Intel architecture refers to the x86 architecture described in Intel's SDM. The x86 architecture is overly complex, mostly due to the need to support executing legacy software dating back to 1990 directly on the CPU, without the overhead of software interpretation. We only cover the parts of the architecture visible to modern 64-bit software, also in the interest of space and mental sanity
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<p-ch>
	在本文中，Intel架构一词指的是Intel的SDM中描述的x86架构。x86架构过于复杂，主要是由于需要支持直接在CPU上执行1990年以前的遗留软件，而没有软件解释的开销。我们只介绍现代64位软件能看到的架构部分，也是为了节省篇幅和精神上的理智。
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<p-en>
	The 64-bit version of the x86 architecture, covered in this section, was actually invented by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), and is also known as AMD64, x86 64, and x64. The term “Intel architecture” highlights our interest in the architecture's implementation in Intel's chips, and our desire to understand the mindsets of Intel SGX's designers.
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<p-ch>
	本节所涉及的x86架构的64位版本，实际上是由Advanced Micro Devices（AMD）发明的，也被称为AMD64、x86 64和x64。"英特尔架构 "这个词突出了我们对该架构在英特尔芯片中实现的兴趣，以及我们希望了解英特尔SGX设计者的心态。
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